Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Nobel Prize in Literature 1970

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Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn - Nobel Prize in Literature 1970

ALEKSANDR ISAYEVICH SOLZHENITSYN (1918-2008) was a Russian novelist, historian, and critic of Soviet totalitarianism who was instrumental in raising global awareness of the gulag and the Soviet Union's forced labor camp system. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1970 "for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature." He was expelled from the USSR in 1974 but returned in 1994 after its dissolution.

Arrested in 1945 for criticizing Stalin's regime, he served eight years in Russian prisons and labor camps. Upon his release in 1953 he was sent into "internal exile" in Asiatic Russia. After Stalin's death, Solzhenitsyn was released from his exile and began writing in earnest. It was during these years of imprisonment and later internal exile that Solzhenitsyn abandoned Marxism and developed the philosophical and religious positions of his later life, gradually becoming a philosophically-minded Christian as a result of his experience in prison and the camps.

His first publication, ONE DAY IN THE LIFE OF IVAN DENISOVICH (1962), appeared in the Soviet literary magazine Novy Mir during the somewhat less repressive atmosphere of Khrushchev's regime. The story is set in a Soviet labor camp in the 1950s and describes a single, gruelling day of an ordinary prisoner. Its publication was an extraordinary event in Soviet literary history since never before had an account of Stalinist repression been openly distributed. Two translations are included here, but that by H. T. Willetts is the only one based on the canonical Russian text and the only one authorized by Solzhenitsyn.

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